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Evolução da Formação de Engenheiros e Profissionais Técnico-Científicos no Brasil Entre 2000 e 2012

Author

Listed:
  • Divonzir Arthur Gusso
  • Paulo A. Meyer M.Nascimento

Abstract

Este artigo analisa a evolução da educação terciária no Brasil de 2000 a 2012, com foco particularmente nas grandes áreas de ciências, matemática e computação e de engenharia, produção e construção. Para tanto, utiliza dados do Censo da Educação Superior para construir indicadores de demanda por e de oferta de cursos, destacando número de cursos, de vagas, de matrículas e de conclusões. A evolução desses indicadores é apresentada em separado para os sistemas público e privado e para as universidades e demais instituições de ensino superior. As tendências são observadas, ainda, para as instituições classificadas por Steiner (2005, 2006) a partir do tipo de diploma de graduação, do número de mestres e doutores titulados e das áreas dos diplomas conferidos, como universidades de pesquisa e doutorado. Questões relativas à qualidade também são discutidas, partindo tanto do desempenho observado no Exame Nacional de Desempenho de Estudantes (Enade), quanto dos fluxos de egressos das universidades de pesquisa e doutorado de Steiner (2005, 2006) e das instituições de elite de Carnoy et al. (2013). Busca-se, com esses esforços, delinear o contexto, a dimensão e o padrão de qualidade nos quais os profissionais técnico-científicos são formados no Brasil. Os resultados sugerem que o fluxo de conclusões nessas áreas tem se expandido ano a ano. Porém, além de ainda ser baixa em comparação a outros países, a formação de pessoal técnico-científico de nível superior no Brasil é concentrada em cursos e instituições de baixo desempenho. This paper analyses the evolution of tertiary education in Brazil from 2000 to 2012, with particular focus on Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields. Administrative data are used to build indicators on the demand for courses, number of places, enrolments and graduates, and field concentration of the system output. The quality of the graduates is also briefly discussed, using as parameters the flows of new engineers graduating from top universities as well as the performance of Engineering graduating students on standardized tests administrated by the federal government. The evolution of such indicators is reported for: a) universities x other institutions offering tertiary education, classifying both types in publicly and privately-administrated; b) doctoral-granting institutions, as adapted by Steiner (2005, 2006) from the original Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. Higher education institutions classified by Carnoy et al. (2013) as “elite institutions” are also considered as a separate group when quality matters are debated. The major objective of these efforts is to examine the context, dimension and quality of STEM human capital formation in Brazil from 2000 to 2012. Results suggest that the flow of new STEM graduates is expanding year after year in Brazil, but these numbers are still near to the ground in international standards and are concentrated on low-quality higher education institutions.

Suggested Citation

  • Divonzir Arthur Gusso & Paulo A. Meyer M.Nascimento, 2014. "Evolução da Formação de Engenheiros e Profissionais Técnico-Científicos no Brasil Entre 2000 e 2012," Discussion Papers 1982, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1982
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