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Estimado a Influência da Taxa de Câmbio Sobre os Fluxos de Comércio Exterior Brasileiros

Author

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  • Flavio Lyrio Carneiro

Abstract

Este texto para discussão tem por objetivo analisar empiricamente as interações entre o comportamento das taxas de câmbio e o desempenho do comércio exterior brasileiro. Para tanto, em primeiro lugar, é realizada uma revisão da literatura empírica sobre o assunto, tanto internacional quanto brasileira, com o objetivo de elucidar questões de cunho metodológico, como o tipo de modelo, a estratégia de identificação, as variáveis explicativas e as relações funcionais mais adequados. Em seguida, os efeitos dos preços relativos sobre os fluxos de comércio exterior são analisados por meio da estimação de modelos de demanda de importações e de oferta e demanda de importações, agregadas e desagregadas, para o período 1996-2012. A existência de cointegração é testada pelo procedimento de Engle e Granger (1987), e os modelos são estimados pela metodologia de mínimos quadrados modificados (FM-OLS). Entre as principais conclusões oferecidas pela análise empírica, destaca-se que, na quase totalidade dos modelos estimados, o efeito de variações no câmbio real sobre os fluxos de comércio exterior brasileiros mostrou-se relativamente modesto. A demanda nacional por importações parece ser determinada essencialmente pelo comportamento da renda, enquanto a demanda por exportações brasileiras é determinada sobretudo pelo comportamento da renda externa – exceção feita à demanda internacional por manufaturados brasileiros, para a qual o efeito dos preços relativos aparentemente não pode ser desprezado. This study aims to analyze empirically the interactions between exchange rate behavior and the performance of Brazilian foreign trade. First, the empirical literature on the subject is reviewed, in order to elucidate methodological issues such as appropriate model type, identification strategy, explanatory variables and functional relationships., The effects of relative prices on foreign trade flows are then analyzed by estimating models of demand for imports and supply and demand for exports, both aggregated and disaggregated, for the period 1996-2012. The existence of cointegration is tested by the Engle-Granger procedure, and models are estimated by the fully modified least-squares method (FM-OLS). Among the main conclusions offered by the empirical analysis, it is noteworthy that in almost all of the estimated models, the effect of changes in the real exchange rate on Brazilian foreign trade flows is relatively modest. The domestic demand for imports seems to be mainly determined by income behavior, while demand for Brazilian exports is mainly drived by foreign income behavior – except in manufactured goods, for which the relative-price effect was more relevant. The supply of exports appears to be driven mainly by domestic productive capacity, with little influence of the real exchange rate.

Suggested Citation

  • Flavio Lyrio Carneiro, 2014. "Estimado a Influência da Taxa de Câmbio Sobre os Fluxos de Comércio Exterior Brasileiros," Discussion Papers 1968, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1968
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