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Abstract
A questão do acesso a recursos genéticos e conhecimento tradicional associado tem importância crescente na temática ambiental atual, assim como a liderança do Brasil nas discussões internacionais relacionadas. Para que o protagonismo brasileiro continue, faz-se necessário aprimorar sua própria regulamentação interna. Este texto discute alguns dos principais pontos de conflito atuais e quais características um marco regulatório nacional deve ter para contorná-los. A simplicidade e o pragmatismo são mostrados como pré-requisitos. As sugestões se baseiam em três pilares: i) uma nova forma de monitorar os bioprospectores, por meio do incentivo à legalização; ii) uma repartição de benefícios difusa, com regras simples capazes de captar os lucros da bioprospecção;e iii) um aproveitamento da sinergia entre a existência de comunidades tradicionais/indígenas e a manutenção da biodiversidade. The theme of genetic resources and traditional knowledge associated with them, as well as the Brazilian leadership in related international debates, are increasingly important in current environmental issues. In order to this Brazilian leadership to continue, improvements in the country’s legislation are required. This paper discusses some of the main conflicting points and the features that a national regulatory framework must have to overcome them. Simplicity and pragmatism are shown as prerequisites. Suggestions are based on three pillars: a new way to monitor bioprospectors, by encouraging legal activities; a diffuse distribution of benefits, with simple rules that allow capturing profits from bioprospecting; and synergy between the existence of traditional/indigenous communities and biodiversity maintenance.
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