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Fatores Globais e Locais na Determinação do Fluxo de Capital para Economias Emergentes

Author

Listed:
  • Ajax Moreira
  • Katia Rocha

Abstract

O estudo analisa, através de um modelo de painel, os determinantes do fluxo de capital líquido e de sua volatilidade para um grupo de dezenove economias emergentes no período 1980-2011 e propõe uma metodologia para avaliar a importância relativa dos fatores globais e locais na determinação da variabilidade do fluxo. Os emergentes analisados (Argentina, Brasil, Bulgária, Chile, Colômbia, Hungria, Índia, Indonésia, Malásia, México, Peru, Filipinas, Polônia, Rússia, África do Sul, Turquia, Ucrânia, Uruguai e Venezuela) representavam em janeiro de 2012 aproximadamente 95% do índice Emerging Markets Bond Index Global (EMBIG) do JPMorgan. Os resultados apontam para maior estabilidade econômica, representada pelo crescimento do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) local, menor volatilidade da inflação, políticas de austeridade fiscal, maior governança e liberalização financeira. O modelo explica até 40% da variância e volatilidade do fluxo de capital líquido para emergentes. A importância dos fatores globais na determinação da variância do fluxo é menor na amostra mais recente, onde os fatores locais adquirem maior importância. No entanto, os fatores globais, que estão fora do controle das autoridades de cada país, explicam a maior parte das flutuações relativas à volatilidade do fluxo de capital líquido para os emergentes. Os resultados são robustos a diferentes metodologias para definir os períodos de crise de fluxo de capital. Palavras-chave: fluxo de capital; economias emergentes; crise financeira. The study analyses, through a panel data model, the determinants of the net capital flow (the net sum of direct investment, portfolio investment, financial derivatives and other investment) and its volatility for a group of nineteen emerging economies in the period of 1980-2011 and suggests a methodology to evaluate the relative importance of push and pull factors. The economies analyzed (Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Chile, Colombia, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Russia, South Africa, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay and Venezuela) correspond roughly to 95% of the JPMorgan EMBIG at January 2012. The results support economic stability represented by higher economic growth and lower inflation volatility, increase of fiscal austerity, higher governance indicators and increase of capital liberalization. The model explains up to 40% of the variance and volatility of net capital flow to the emerging economies. The importance of push factors as determinant of the variance of capital flow is lower in the recent period where pull factors become more relevant. Nevertheless, push factors, which are outside policy maker’s control, explain most of the fluctuations relative to the volatility of capital flow to emerging economies. Results are robust to a set of different methodology to define capital flow crises periods. Keywords: capital flow; emerging economies; financial crisis.

Suggested Citation

  • Ajax Moreira & Katia Rocha, 2012. "Fatores Globais e Locais na Determinação do Fluxo de Capital para Economias Emergentes," Discussion Papers 1798, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1798
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    Keywords

    capital flow; emerging economies; financial crisis.;
    All these keywords.

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