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Redirecionamento, Redistribuição, Indução ou Nenhuma das Alternativas? Exame do Papel das Ações Transversais no FNDCT Entre 2004 e 2008

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  • Paulo A. Meyer M. Nascimento
  • João Maria de Oliveira

Abstract

O presente trabalho analisa o papel das ações transversais na aplicação de recursos dos Fundos Setoriais de Ciência e Tecnologia (CTs), bem como na indução ao financiamento privado à pesquisa, ao desenvolvimento e à inovação. Até a introdução das ações transversais, em meio às modificações na governança do Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (FNDCT) ocorridas em 2004, a definição de diretrizes e a operacionalização dos CTs eram feitas de maneira totalmente compartimentalizada, de responsabilidade exclusiva do comitê gestor de cada um deles, respeitada a legislação aplicável e observadas as diretrizes presentes no documento norteador elaborado no âmbito de cada comitê. Sob o argumento de dar maior organicidade, uniformidade e coordenação aos fundos setoriais, em 2004 houve a criação do Comitê de Coordenação dos Fundos Setoriais (CCFS), unificaram-se os calendários das reuniões dos comitês gestores de cada fundo e instituíram-se as ações transversais. Por meio destas tem sido aplicada pelo menos metade das receitas não contingenciadas do FNDCT que se destinam aos CTs. Contrapondo-se à justificativa declarada para a sua introdução, as ações transversais têm se mostrado, na prática, muito mais um instrumento de pulverização dos recursos dos fundos setoriais do que de efetivação de políticas estratégicas. Pelo menos isto é o que se pode observar quando são confrontados os projetos apoiados e a realocação de recursos engendrada pelas ações transversais com os temas, as áreas e os setores estratégicos estabelecidos pelos documentos oficiais de política. Os dados disponíveis sugerem que elas não proporcionaram, entre 2004 e 2008, nem um redirecionamento dos recursos a temas estratégicos não contemplados por CTs específicos, nem a redistribuição dos recursos entre os CTs existentes, nem maior indução à participação de firmas nos projetos apoiados. Since the late 1990s, Science, Technology and Innovation (ST&I) policies have been operated in Brazil mainly through calls for proposals stately-financed by a number of "sectorial funds". Each of these funds is named after the economic sector concentrating the tax revenue financing them. Respective calls are defined and managed by a commission integrated by Government officials, academics and professionals related to the funding sector. Nevertheless, calls do not necessarily focus on topics directly related to the corresponding sector. Even though, changes introduced in 2004 oblige the sixteen existing sectorial funds to designate at least 50% of their revenue to the socalled "transversal calls". These are formulated and implemented by a higher instance controlled by bureaucrats. Government justified this novelty on the need to re-organise the funds in order to better achieve policy goals as stated in official documents. This paper analyses the role played by the transversal calls on the sectorial funds` resource re-allocation, as well as on the attraction of private funding and participation in the supported proposals. In particular, we examine to which extent they contributed to achieve one of the following targets: i) redirecting financial resources towards strategic topics not furthered by a specific sectorial fund; ii) redistributing monies among existing sectorial funds as a way to adjust their budgets to their current degree of priority in the official policy documents; iii) increasing the participation of firms in the approved proposals. We refer to official documents to identify strategic topics, fields and economic sectors and check whether or not transversal calls benefited them in terms of resource allocation. Private sector involvement is evaluated through firms` participation in approved proposals and by the amount of financial resources engaged on them. Results suggest that none of the pointed targets seems to be accomplished between 2004 and 2008 - and indicate that Brazilian public ST&I funding have been rather pulverised than rationalised in this period.

Suggested Citation

  • Paulo A. Meyer M. Nascimento & João Maria de Oliveira, 2011. "Redirecionamento, Redistribuição, Indução ou Nenhuma das Alternativas? Exame do Papel das Ações Transversais no FNDCT Entre 2004 e 2008," Discussion Papers 1664, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1664
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