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Trajetória Recente dos Indicadores de Inovação no Brasil

Author

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  • Luiz Ricardo Cavalcante
  • Fernanda De Negri

Abstract

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a trajetória recente dos indicadores de inovação no Brasil, com base nos dados disponíveis nas quatro edições da Pesquisa de Inovação de Tecnológica (PINTEC), realizada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Com base na agregação dos 32 setores que compõem a indústria de transformação em quatro grupos de acordo com sua intensidade tecnológica (alta, média-alta, média-baixa e baixa), analisam-se, ainda, as razões que explicam o desempenho relativamente modesto do Brasil, no que diz respeito à relação entre os gastos em pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) e a receita líquida de vendas (RLV). Do ponto de vista teórico, o trabalho ampara-se em uma discussão sobre os potenciais e as limitações dos indicadores de inovação e, em particular, dos surveys de inovação. Do ponto de vista metodológico, o trabalho apoia-se na coleta e sistematização e análise de um vasto conjunto de estatísticas descritivas dos indicadores de inovação. As principais conclusões do trabalho são: i) a taxa de inovação do setor industrial cresceu de forma sistemática nas quatro edições da PINTEC, passando de 31,52%, no período 1998-2000, para 38,11%, no período 2005-2008; ii) a relação entre os gastos empresariais em P&D e o produto interno bruto (PIB) alcançou 0,53% em 2008 - contra 0,49% em 2005; iii) a relação entre os gastos internos e externos em P&D e a RLV do setor industrial passou de 0,65%, em 2005, para 0,73%, em 2008 - ou 0,75% se a análise for limitada à indústria de transformação; iv) o crescimento da intensidade tecnológica e a redução do número de empresas que realizaram gastos em P&D interno e externo no setor industrial sugerem uma concentração das atividades de P&D em um número proporcionalmente menor de empresas; v) os setores de média-alta tecnologia são aqueles que mais contribuem para os gastos totais internos e externos em P&D da indústria de transformação no Brasil (0,37% em 0,75%); e vi) os setores de baixa intensidade tecnológica, por sua vez, embora representem pouco menos de um terço da RLV do conjunto, contribuem com apenas 0,08 pontos percentuais (p.p.) para a média da indústria de transformação. Após essa análise, contrapõemse alternativas para aumentar a relação entre os gastos em P&D e a RLV no Brasil com base: i) na ampliação dos esforços tecnológicos das empresas que atuam no Brasil, especialmente nos setores de alta e média-alta intensidade tecnológica; e ii) em mudanças na estrutura da indústria brasileira. The aim of this paper is to analyze the recent path followed by the innovation indicators in Brazil based on the data available in the four editions of the Brazilian Innovation Survey (PINTEC) issued by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Based on the aggregation of the 32 sectors that compose the manufacturing industry into four groups according to their technological intensity (high, medium-high, medium-low and low technology), we also analyze the reasons that explain Brazil`s relatively low performance as regards the ratio between R&D expenditures and turnover. The paper is based upon a theoretical discussion on the potentials and constraints of innovation indicators and, in particular, of innovation surveys. From a methodological point of view, the paper is based upon the systematization and analysis of the main descriptive statistics of innovation indicators in Brazil. The main conclusions of this paper are i) the percentage of innovative firms in the industrial sector grew in a systematic way throughout the four editions of the PINTEC, raising from 31.52%, in the period 1998-2000, to 38.11%, in the period 2005-2008; ii) the ratio between private R&D expenditures and GDP reached 0.53% in 2008 (against 0.49% in 2005); iii) there was a significant growth of the relationship between internal and external R&D expenditures and turnover of the industrial sector, which went from 0.65% in 2005 to 0.73% in 2008 - or 0.75% if the analysis is limited to the manufacturing industry; iv) the growth of the technological intensity and the reduction of the number of industrial firms which had R&D expenditures suggest a concentration of R&D activities in a number proportionally smaller of firms; v) mediumhigh technology sectors are those that contribute more for the total R&D expenditures of the manufacturing industry in Brazil (0.37% in 0.75%); and vi) low technology sectors, on the other hand, even though they represent a little less than one third of the turnover of the whole set, contributed with only 0.08 p.p. for the average of the manufacturing industry. After this analysis, we interpose alternatives to increase the ratio between R&D expenditures and turnover in Brazil based on i) the expansion of the technological efforts of the companies that operate in Brazil, especially in the sectors of high and medium-high technological intensity; and ii) changes in the structure of the Brazilian industry

Suggested Citation

  • Luiz Ricardo Cavalcante & Fernanda De Negri, 2011. "Trajetória Recente dos Indicadores de Inovação no Brasil," Discussion Papers 1659, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1659
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    Cited by:

    1. Silva Lucas do Monte & Guimarães Patricia Borba Vilar, 2016. "Law and Innovation Policies: An Analysis of the Mismatch between Innovation Public Policies and Their Results in Brazil," The Law and Development Review, De Gruyter, vol. 9(1), pages 95-151, June.

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