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Evolução Geopolítica: Cenários e Perspectivas

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  • Sebastião C. Velasco e Cruz

Abstract

o trabalho analisa as grandes transformações em curso no sistema internacional no pós- Guerra Fria. Tomando como ponto de partida a indagação sobre o significado profundo de três eventos que marcaram o ano de 2008 - a crise financeira global; o fracasso nas negociações da Rodada Doha; e o conflito militar na Geórgia do Sul -, o artigo expõe a nova configuração do poder mundial que se delineia na década de 1990; discute três cenários derivados do debate aberto, então, sobre a evolução provável do sistema de poder (os cenários "multipolar", "unipolar consolidado" e "liberal cosmopolita"), e avalia a pertinência de cada um deles com base nos desenvolvimentos observados ao longo da primeira década deste século. Salientando a inflexão representada pela estratégia declaradamente unilateral do governo George W. Bush, o artigo conclui formulando a hipótese segundo a qual os três acontecimentos antes referidos devem ser vistos como sinais do esgotamento da grande estratégia perseguida pelos Estados Unidos ao longo do período, cujo princípio regulador foi a ideia de garantir à superpotência norte-americana a condição de supremacia inconteste por um prazo indefinido. The article analyses the major changes in the international system since the end of the Cold War. Taking as a starting point the question about the deep meaning of three events that have impacted the year of 2008 - global financial crisis; the deadlock in the negotiations of Doha round; the military conflict in South Georgia - it sketches the outline of the new power constellation that emerged in the 1990`s; discusses three scenarios extracted from the debate on the probable evolution of the global power system (the scenarios "multipolar"; "Consolidated unipolar", and "liberal cosmopolit"), and assesses the comparative plausibility of each, taking into account the developments that unfolded during the first decade of the 21 Century. Emphasizing the unilateral twist given by the Bush administration to the U.S. strategy, the article suggests that the three events referred to above should be understood as signs that the great strategy followed by the U.S. since the end of Cold War has been exhausted. A strategy founded on the idea of maintaining the superpower in its condition of uncontested world supremacy through an indefinite future.

Suggested Citation

  • Sebastião C. Velasco e Cruz, 2011. "Evolução Geopolítica: Cenários e Perspectivas," Discussion Papers 1611, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1611
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