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Determinantes da Queda na Desigualdade de Renda no Brasil

Author

Listed:
  • Ricardo Barros
  • Mirela de Carvalho
  • Samuel Franco
  • Rosane Mendonça

Abstract

Os extraordinários acontecimentos havidos no país entre 2001-2007, com uma queda acentuada da desigualdade e dos níveis de pobreza e de extrema pobreza nos oferecem uma oportunidade única de estudarmos os fatores mais relevantes para explicar as mudanças em favor dos mais pobres e em diferentes cenários ? com e sem crescimento econômico. Assim, em primeiro lugar, com base em uma série de simulações contrafactuais, quantificamos a contribuição destes fatores determinantes para a queda i) na desigualdade; ii) na porcentagem de pobres; iii) no hiato médio de pobreza; e iv) na severidade da pobreza. Como entre 2001 e 2003 não houve redução na pobreza, investigamos apenas a contribuição dos fatores determinantes para a queda na pobreza e na extrema pobreza para o subperíodo 2003-2007. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que as melhorias na distribuição de renda derivada do trabalho por trabalhador e na renda não derivada do trabalho foram os principais fatores responsáveis. As mudanças demográficas, que foram mais favoráveis para os mais pobres, também se destacam quando analisamos a redução na pobreza. Em segundo lugar, investigamos em que medida os graus de discriminação e de segmentação no mercado de trabalho declinaram ao longo dos últimos anos, e quantificamos suas contribuições para a recente redução do grau de desigualdade em renda do trabalho e em renda per capita no país. Os resultados revelaram que, em conjunto, a redução nas diversas formas de discriminação e segmentação investigadas explica 19% da queda na desigualdade em remuneração do trabalho e 9% da queda em renda per capita. TThe extraordinary events that occurred in the country between 2001-2007, with a sharp decline in inequality and the levels of poverty and extreme poverty offers a unique opportunity to examine the most relevant factors to explain changes that benefit the poor and in different scenarios ? with and without economic growth. First, based on a series of counter-factual simulations, we estimate the contribution of these factors to the decline i) in inequality; ii) the percentage of poor; iii) the average gap of poverty; and iv) the severity of poverty. Once that between 2001 and 2003 there was no reduction in poverty, we investigated the contribution of the determining factors for the decline in poverty and extreme poverty only in the subperiod 2003-2007. The results show that the improvements in the distribution of income derived from work per worker and income not derived from the work were the main factors responsible. Demographic changes, which were more favorable to the poor, also stand out when analyzing the reduction in poverty. Secondly, we investigated the extent to which degrees of discrimination and segmentation in the labor market declined in recent years, and quantified their contribution to the recent reduction in the degree of inequality in labor income and per capita income in the country. The results showed that, together, the reduction in various forms of discrimination and segmentation explains 19% of the decrease.

Suggested Citation

  • Ricardo Barros & Mirela de Carvalho & Samuel Franco & Rosane Mendonça, 2010. "Determinantes da Queda na Desigualdade de Renda no Brasil," Discussion Papers 1460, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1460
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Laura Carvalho & Fernando Rugitsky, 2015. "Growth and distribution in Brazil the 21st century: revisiting the wage-led versus profit-led debate," Working Papers, Department of Economics 2015_25, University of São Paulo (FEA-USP).
    2. Julia Burle Gonçalves, 2018. "Distribuição De Renda E Demanda Agregada No Brasil(1995-2015): Uma Análise De Extensões Aos Modelos Neo-Kaleckianos Pelo Método Var," Anais do XLIV Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 44th Brazilian Economics Meeting] 80, ANPEC - Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-Graduação em Economia [Brazilian Association of Graduate Programs in Economics].
    3. Laura Desirée Vernier Fujita & Izete Pengo Bagolin, 2021. "Educational growth: An analysis of distribution among Brazilian municipalities," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(1), pages 277-292, February.
    4. Anelise Andrade de Souza & Sueli Aparecida Mingoti & Rômulo Paes-Sousa & Léo Heller, 2021. "Combined effects of conditional cash transfer program and environmental health interventions on diarrhea and malnutrition morbidity in children less than five years of age in Brazil, 2006–2016," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(3), pages 1-18, March.
    5. Monsueto, Sandro Eduardo & Cunha, André Moreira & Da Silva Bichara, Julimar, 2014. "Movilidad ocupacional y diferencial de ingresos: la experiencia del Brasil entre 2002 y 2010," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), August.
    6. Guilherme Strifezzi Leal & Ã lvaro Choi, 2022. "Income-based scholarships and access to higher education," UB School of Economics Working Papers 2022/420, University of Barcelona School of Economics.
    7. Rodrigo C. Oliveira & Raul Da Mota Silveira Net, 2014. "Escolaridade E Políticas De Transferência De Renda Como Condicionantes Da Dinâmica Da Desigualdade Regional De Renda No Brasil: Uma Análise Para O Período 1995-2011," Anais do XLI Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 41st Brazilian Economics Meeting] 174, ANPEC - Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-Graduação em Economia [Brazilian Association of Graduate Programs in Economics].

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