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Governança, Custos e Subsídios Cruzados no Sistema INFRAERO

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  • Eduardo P. S. Fiuza

Abstract

A Lei no 11.182/2005, que criou a Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil (Anac), prevê (artigo 3o, inciso II) que esta observe e implemente orientações, diretrizes e políticas estabelecidas pelo Conselho de Aviação Civil (Conac), em especial no tocante ao estabelecimento de um modelo de concessão aeroportuária a ser proposto por este (Decreto no 3.654/2000, artigo 2o, inciso II) ao presidente da República. A crise recente no setor aéreo, incluindo escândalos na administração da Empresa Brasileira de Infra-estrutura Aeroportuária (Infraero), desencadeou um movimento pela revisão do marco regulatório em direção à privatização. Porém, alega-se que só alguns aeroportos são superavitários, embora a contabilidade normalmente divulgada da empresa dificulte esta avaliação. Com base em demonstrativos que seguem as normas usuais de depreciação de capital, empreendemos então testes de subsídios cruzados sugeridos pela literatura econômica. Além disso, discutimos alguns aspectos da gestão da Infraero. Segundo um dos testes efetuados, apenas Guarulhos e Viracopos não receberiam subsídios cruzados do sistema durante todo o período analisado. Utilizando-se critérios mais flexíveis, também Congonhas, Manaus, Navegantes, Fortaleza e Ilhéus não seriam subsidiados. Quanto às diferentes fontes de receita da Infraero, a de operações de aeronaves, que é o fim precípuo da existência do aeroporto, é a que menos contribui para a rentabilidade da empresa. Embora seja praxe subsidiar as tarifas aeronáuticas com as receitas comerciais, a empresa alega que aquelas estão bem abaixo do padrão internacional. A decree from 2000–which created the Brazilian Civil Aviation Council (Conac)–, joint with a law from 2005–which created the Brazilian Civil Aviation Agency (Anac) – rule that the former proposes to the President of the Republic a regulatory benchmark for the airport industry. The recent crisis in the aviation industry, including accusations of embezzlement of funds of the state-owned major airport owner (Infraero), gave rise to a movement for the review of the regulatory benchmark towards privatization. However, it is alleged that only a few airports run an accounting surplus, even though the ordinary accounts jeopardize this assessment. Based on accounting statements following the usual depreciation practices, we endeavor to test for cross-subsidies as suggested in the economic literature. Moreover, we discuss some aspects of Infraero’s management. According to one of the tests, only Guarulhos and Viracopos have not enjoyed cross-subsidies during the whole period. Under more flexible criteria, also Congonhas, Manaus, Navegantes, Fortaleza and Ilhéus would not be subsidized. Regarding the various revenue sources within Infraero, it is worth noting that aircraft movements–the ultimate role of an airport– are the activity that contributes the least to the firm’s profitability. Although the flights may be subsidized by commercial revenues, Infraero claims that the tariffs are far below the international standard.

Suggested Citation

  • Eduardo P. S. Fiuza, 2008. "Governança, Custos e Subsídios Cruzados no Sistema INFRAERO," Discussion Papers 1365, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1365
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