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Inflação e Nível de Atividade no Brasil: Estimativas Via Curva de Phillips

Author

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  • Leandro N. Brito
  • Elcyon C. R. Lima

Abstract

O presente artigo estima o nível do produto, em cada período de tempo, que manteria a inflação estável no Brasil – Nonaccelerating Inflation Level of Output (NAILO). Obtém ainda bandas de probabilidade (bayesianas) para o NAILO e para a sua taxa de crescimento, e investiga a relação entre os desvios do produto em relação ao NAILO e a aceleração da taxa de inflação. Como explicitado no artigo, para nós o NAILO não deve ser confundido com o produto potencial do país. O trabalho inova ao alterar a especificação da curva de Phillips, adotada por Gordon (1997 e 1998) e por Staiger, Stock e Watson (1997a, 1997b e 2002), para permitir que a taxa de crescimento do NAILO seja estocástica e permitir que a variância dos resíduos mude, ao longo do tempo, de acordo com a especificação de uma cadeia de Markov oculta. Estas alterações são essenciais para se lidar com a instabilidade defrontada pela economia brasileira em período recente. Estimamos que a taxa de crescimento anual do NAILO, no último trimestre de 2007, pertencia, com 68% de probabilidade, ao intervalo 2,5% - 4,4%, sendo 3,5% o valor mais provável. Um valor do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) 1% acima do NAILO, por mais de quatro trimestres, provoca um acréscimo entre 0,5 e 0,7 ponto percentual (p.p.), com grau de confiança de 68% na taxa anual de inflação. Observamos ainda uma estreita relação entre as alterações no hiato do produto e as alterações na utilização da capacidade instalada calculadas tanto pela Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) quanto pela Confederação Nacional da Indústria (CNI). This paper estimates the Brazilian NAILO (Nonaccelerating Inflation Level of Output), obtains (Bayesian) probability bands for the Nailo and for its growth rate, and investigates the relationship between deviations of output with respect to the Nailo and the acceleration of inflation. As explained in the text, the NAILO should not be confused with the country’s potential output. This study innovates by changing the specification of the Phillips Curve, adopted by Gordon (1997 and 1998) and by Staiger, Stock and Watson (1997a, 1997b and 2002), to allow for a stochastic rate of growth of the NAILO and for a variance of residuals which changes over time according to a hidden Markov chain specification. These improvements are essential to deal with the instability of the Brazilian economy. Considering 68% probability bands, the annual growth rate of Nailo in the last quarter of 2007 was between 2.5 and 4.4% (3.5% being the most likely value). A value of GDP 1% higher than that of the NAILO, for more than four quarters and adopting 68% probability bands, generates an increase in the annual inflation rate between 0.5 and 0.7 pp (percentage points). We also observed a very close relationship between changes in the output gap and changes in the installed capacity utilization measured either by the Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV) or by the National Confederation of the Industry (CNI).

Suggested Citation

  • Leandro N. Brito & Elcyon C. R. Lima, 2008. "Inflação e Nível de Atividade no Brasil: Estimativas Via Curva de Phillips," Discussion Papers 1362, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1362
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