IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/ipe/ipetds/0138.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Technological Learning Systems, Competitiveness and Development

Author

Listed:
  • Eduardo Baumgratz Viotti

Abstract

This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the main specificities of latecomers' processes of technological development. Building on the basis of this understanding, it searches for the reasons why the conventional measures of Science and Technology (S&T) policies, usually inspired by the so-called linear model and by neoclassical economics, are frequently inappropriate or insufficient for developing economies. This is so because latecomers compete primarily by imitating, rather than by innovating. Such feature of their technological processes compels them to rely on cheap labor, on state protection or natural resources depletion as a way to compensate for its relatively low initial productivity. The cases of four latecomers – Brazil, Mexico, South Korea and Taiwan – are briefly analyzed. During the last two decades, all these four countries were successful in greatly increasing their shares of world scientific productions. The two Asian economies were also able to achieve very large increases in their shares of world technological productions, greatly shrinking the productivity and per capita income gaps that separate them from the levels of the leading industrial economy, the US. The two Latin-American economies, however, went in the opposite direction on those respects. Such fact put into question the linear model's assumption of a more or less direct connection between a country's scientific achievements and its technological production or innovation performance. The paper is concluded by presenting some implications of its analysis for S&T policies for developing economies. Este artigo tem por objetivo contribuir para a compreensão das principais especificidades dos processos de desenvolvimento tecnológico das economias retardatárias. Segundo esta compreensão, são investigadas as razões pelas quais as medidas convencionais de políticas de Ciência e Tecnologia (C&T), normalmente inspiradas no chamado modelo linear e na teoria econômica neoclássica, não são geralmente apropriadas ou suficientes para os países em desenvolvimento. Isto acontece porque os retardatários competem basicamente com base na imitação e não com base em produtos ou processos inovadores. Esta característica de seus processos tecnológicos os obriga a recorrer ao uso de mão-de-obra barata, à proteção estatal ou à exploração predatória de recursos naturais como forma de compensar suas produtividades iniciais relativamente baixas. Os casos de quatro países retardatários – Brasil, México, Coréia do Sul e Taiwan – são brevemente analisados. Nas últimas duas décadas, estes quatro países elevaram grandemente suas participações na produção científica mundial. As duas economias asiáticas também foram capazes de obter elevações muito grandes em suas participações na produção tecnológica mundial, assim como reduzirem grandemente os hiatos de produtividade e renda per capita que as separam da economia industrial líder, os Estados Unidos. As duas economias latino-americanas, no entanto, seguiram na direção oposta. Tal fato coloca em xeque o pressuposto do modelo linear de que haveria uma relação mais ou menos direta entre o nível da produção de conhecimento científico de um país e sua produção de tecnologias ou inovações. O artigo conclui-se com apresentação de algumas implicações desta análise para as políticas de C&T de países em desenvolvimento

Suggested Citation

  • Eduardo Baumgratz Viotti, 2015. "Technological Learning Systems, Competitiveness and Development," Discussion Papers 0138, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:0138
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/images/stories/PDFs/TDs/ingles/dp_138.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Katz, Jorge, 2000. "Cambios estructurales y productividad en la industria latinoamericana, 1970-1996," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Eduardo Baumgratz Viotti, 2004. "Technological Learning Systems, Competitiveness and Development," Discussion Papers 1057, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
    2. Daniela Russi & Ana C. Gonzalez-Martinez & José Carlos Silva-Macher & Stefan Giljum & Joan Martínez-Alier & Maria Cristina Vallejo, 2008. "Material Flows in Latin America," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 12(5-6), pages 704-720, October.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:0138. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Fabio Schiavinatto (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ipeaabr.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.