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Value Determinants of Plant Extractivism in Brazil

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  • Sven Wunder

Abstract

This study analyses the structure and development trends for plant extraction in Brazil. It is a sub-sector of agriculture that has received considerable international attention, due to its alleged potentials for promoting the sustainable use of tropical forests and other natural ecosystems, e.g. through the harvesting of non-wood products in extractive reserves. The main data source is the latest Agricultural Census (1995/96) from IBGE, the Brazilian Statistical Office — a source that possesses both strengths and weaknesses. Extraction in all of Brazil is described generally; for the Legal Amazon, causes of spatial value differences are explained econometrically. It is found that extraction exhibits a long-run structural decline vis-à-vis agricultural cultivation, which accelerates during the last decade. Nonwood values, a minor element within that sector, occur extremely concentrated on a few products and market-near geographical areas with special ecological characteristics, that are little representative for tropical forests in a wider sense. It is concluded that the favourable outlook on non-wood extraction, promoted by other scholars’ previous, site-specific case studies, may be over-optimistic if applied to a more general setting. Neste trabalho, analisam-se a estrutura e o desenvolvimento da extração vegetal no Brasil. Esse subsetor da agricultura recebeu muita atenção internacional pelo potencial que lhe é atribuído para o uso sustentável das florestas tropicais e de outros ecossistemas naturais, por exemplo, com a colheita de produtos nãomadeireiros nas reservas extrativistas. A fonte principal de dados utilizada aqui é o último Censo Agropecuário do IBGE (1995/96), o qual se avalia criticamente. A extração no território do Brasil é descrita em termos gerais; especificamente para a Amazônia Legal, as causas da variação de valores entre áreas são analisadas por meio de instrumentos econométricos. O trabalho mostra que a extração vegetal sofreu um declínio estrutural em relação aos cultivos agrícolas, uma tendência que se acelerou na última década. Os valores não-madeireiros constituem um menor segmento do setor extrativo e são extremamente concentrados em poucos produtos e em áreas geográficas com características ecológicas especiais, as quais são pouco representativas para as florestas tropicais, num sentido mais amplo. Conseqüentemente, as perspectivas favoráveis para a extração não-madeireira, encontradas em estudos de caso anteriores, podem ser excessivamente otimistas, porque seus resultados não são aplicáveis para um cenário mais geral.

Suggested Citation

  • Sven Wunder, 2015. "Value Determinants of Plant Extractivism in Brazil," Discussion Papers 0090, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:0090
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