From organic waste to agrifood value appropriate technologies for circular economy and job creation

Africa faces a dual challenge of persistent un and under- and informal employment—especially among youth and women—and environmental degradation exacerbated by poor waste management. Tailored organic waste management can represent a strong solution to promote both decent work and environmental sustainability. This paper explores how appropriate technologies for managing organic waste can contribute to employment creation and a Just Transition in agrifood systems, particularly in rural and urban settings. The research integrates a desk review with key informant interviews. Identified examples lead to the conclusion that waste-to-agrifood technologies exist along a continuum, ranging from farm-enhancing practices that improve soil health and reduce input costs to income-generating activities that create market opportunities and employment. Composting, biochar production, and black soldier fly farming, among others, illustrate how organic waste can be repurposed into fertilisers, animal feed, and bioenergy, addressing environmental and economic challenges. At smaller scales, they provide direct benefits to smallholder farmers and decentralised communities, while at commercial levels, they create job opportunities downstream and upstream the value chains, from waste collection and processing to specialized roles in biotechnology or logistics. To unlock their full potential in strengthening agrifood systems, creating green jobs, and advancing sustainable development in Africa, competencies development, investments in infrastructure, financial access, as well as social dialogue are essential. An appropriate technology approach could make organic waste solutions more accessible and adaptable to local contexts.