An economic perspective on asymmetric federalism in Canada: the case of Québec

This paper presents the various and unique policy choices made by Québec since WWII and examines their impacts within the context of asymmetric federalism in Canada. Québec is arguably one of the most autonomous subnational governments in industrialised countries. The paper analyses the constitutional and legal framework underlying asymmetry, key manifestations of Québec’s differentiated policies, and the consequences of these arrangements. The findings suggest that asymmetry has strengthened Québec’s francophone identity and contributed to a larger public sector and more equal income distribution relative to Ontario, but provides no evidence of superior economic growth. Asymmetry does not result in greater federal transfers to Québec. For Canada, asymmetric federalism may have reduced secessionist pressures while enabling policy experimentation.