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Bullying and discrimination during high school, and associations with mental distress

Author

Listed:
  • Ferdi Botha

    (Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic an Social Research, The University of Melbourne, Australia)

  • Steeve Marchand

    (Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic an Social Research, The University of Melbourne, Australia)

  • Derek Tong

    (Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic an Social Research, The University of Melbourne, Australia)

Abstract

This paper examines how high school bullying and discrimination are associated with mental distress, both during high school and later in life. Using retrospective data from adults in Australia, we document the reported frequency of past bullying and whether, during their time in high school, respondents experienced discrimination based on characteristics such as ethnicity, religion, disability, sexual orientation, gender, or physical appearance. Frequent bullying is particularly prevalent among certain groups and is most common among those targeted due to a disability. We find that bullying is strongly associated with greater mental distress during high school, which persists into adulthood, even after accounting for experiences of discrimination. These associations are strongest for frequent bullying and are observed for both men and women. Discrimination based on disability and sexual orientation is also independently associated with greater mental distress. The findings underscore the significant challenges faced by those who experience frequent bullying during their teenage years, particularly among groups already experiencing discrimination.

Suggested Citation

  • Ferdi Botha & Steeve Marchand & Derek Tong, 2026. "Bullying and discrimination during high school, and associations with mental distress," Melbourne Institute Working Paper Series wp2026n17, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne.
    • Handle: RePEc:iae:iaewps:wp2026n17
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    File URL: https://melbourneinstitute.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/5644439/wp2026n17.pdf
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    JEL classification:

    • I10 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - General

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