Die Arbeitsmarktsituation von ausländischen Staatsangehörigen nach Geschlecht

"The topics of migration and integration have remained highly relevant in the media, politics and public discourse in recent years. Against this background, the IAB has been reporting monthly on the development of the labor market integration of foreign nationals in Germany for several years in the “IAB-Zuwanderungsmonitor”. To this end, various key labor market and social indicators are analyzed on the basis of data from official statistics. In the future, the “IAB-Zuwanderungsmonitor” will be expanded and the most important indicators for men and women will be reported separately. However, an in-depth analysis of gender-specific differences in labor market integration exceeds the scope and objectives of the “IAB-Zuwanderungsmonitor”. Against this background, this research report examines the labor market integration of foreign nationals by gender. The period from 2010 to 2022 is characterized by rising employment rates and falling unemployment rates and SGB II benefit receipt rates. In some cases, the gender differences are more pronounced for foreign nationals than for German nationals. Based on official statistics, integration processes in the labor market and the associated gender differences can only be traced to a certain extent. The reason for this is that differences in other characteristics relevant to the labor market, such as length of residence, family composition or level of education, can only be taken into account partially or not at all. If these characteristics differ between nationality groups, the differences observed in the official statistics may also be due to differences in other characteristics and thus partly reflect structural differences. In order to address this, survey data is also used in this report. The results show that employment increases with increasing length of stay for all foreign nationality groups. In the first few years in particular, however, the increase for women is somewhat slower than for men. It is therefore important to consider the years since immigration when evaluating labor market integration, especially if there are many new immigrants among the foreign nationals. In addition, some differences may also be due to different family compositions. With (young) children, the associated care requirements also increase. The employment rate is then lower for women in particular, regardless of nationality. If these and other characteristics relevant to the labor market are considered, such as family composition, length of stay, level of education and German language skills, the gender differences among foreign employees are much closer to those of German employees." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))