日本の工業化と三つのタイプの実業家, Three Types of Entrepreneurs in the Process of Japan’s Industrialization

本稿は、グローバルCOEプログラム「日本企業研究のイノベーション」の一環をなす、「渋沢栄一プロジェクト」にかかわる研究の成果である。渋沢栄一は、1840年に生まれ1931年に死去したが、その90年余の人生は、日本の近代化・工業化のプロセスと符合する。日本の工業化過程では、資本家経営者、専門経営者、出資者経営者という3つのタイプの実業家が活躍したが、渋沢栄一は、第3のタイプの出資者経営者の代表格であった。, Eiichi Shibusawa was born in 1840 and died in 1931. His 91 years life overlapped the process of the Japanese modernization or industrialization. The first half of this paper draws a bird’s-eye view of Japan’s industrialization process including proto-industrialization, primitive accumulation, industrial revolution, and heavy and chemical industrialization. And, the latter half analyzes three types of entrepreneurs had played important roles in the process, those were, owner managers, salaried managers, and investor managers. Yataroh Iwasaki, the founder of Mitsubishi zaibatsu, was a type of owner manager, and Hikojiroh Nakamigawa, a reformer of Mitsui zaibatsu, was that of salaried manager. Eiichi Shibusawa represented the third type entrepreneurs, investor managers. This paper also examines reciprocal actions among three types of entrepreneurs. For example, Eiichi Shibusawa financially helped parts of owner managers, and supported some of high level educational facilities which brought up salaried manager.