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生活水準の概念と計測の再検討, Concept and Measurement of the Standard of Living Revisited

Author

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  • 北村, 行伸
  • Kitamura, Yukinobu

Abstract

生活水準という概念は経済学ではよく使われる概念であるが、正式の定義はない。経済史では産業革命期に労働者の生活水準がどう変化したのか、その背景のメカニズムはなにかということが議論されてきた。現代経済学の分野ではアマルティア・センが生活水準計測においてケイパビリティ・アプローチを提唱して以来、財・サービスの購入や保有によってではなく、その財・サービスを機能させるケイパビリティによって生活水準を計測すべきであるという議論が1980年代から主張され、多くの研究者の間で受け入れられてきた。しかし、センは、機能やケイパビリティをどうとらえ、どう計測し、どう比較していけばいいのかという具体策は提案してこなかった。本稿では、情報通信業を軸に起こっている産業革命の下で、ケイパビリティ・アプローチをどのように実現化していけばいいのかを検討した。今後の生活水準に関する統計整備の過程では、個人の健康や医療、身体、脳神経、ゲノムなどの情報と社会経済統計を個人レベルの生涯に及ぶパネルデータとして名寄せした生活水準データベースが構築されることで初めて、本格的にケイパビリティ・アプローチに基づく生活水準の計測が可能になるのではないかという議論をした。, Standard of living is a relatively widely used concept in economics. However, no formal definition has been established. The study aims to explore the standard of living of workers in economic history, specifically during the First Industrial Revolution in Britain. In modern economics, Amartya Sen proposed the capability approach to measure standard of living in the 1980s. It entails the measurement of standard of living in terms of its capability vis-à-vis the function of goods and services rather than in terms of purchases and ownership. This approach obtained non-negligible support from other scholars. However, Sen has not shown concrete examples of measuring and evaluating multidimensional capabilities and functioning. This paper seeks to implement and realize the capability approach under the current industrial revolution with special emphasis on the digital economy and informational technology. In the process of integrating statistical data, factors such as individual health and medical, neural, and genome information will be matched with individual social, economic, and educational status; social security; and tax information over the course of a life cycle. Results are expected to yield a comprehensive panel data on living standards with which the capability approach can be fully implemented.

Suggested Citation

  • 北村, 行伸 & Kitamura, Yukinobu, 2020. "生活水準の概念と計測の再検討, Concept and Measurement of the Standard of Living Revisited," Discussion Paper Series 711, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
  • Handle: RePEc:hit:hituec:711
    Note: 2019年12月8日
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    File URL: https://hermes-ir.lib.hit-u.ac.jp/hermes/ir/re/31213/DP711.pdf
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    生活水準; エンゲル係数; 家計; 厚生; パネルデータ; Standard of Living; Engel Curve; Household; Well-being; Panel data;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D04 - Microeconomics - - General - - - Microeconomic Policy: Formulation; Implementation; Evaluation
    • D12 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
    • D13 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Production and Intrahouse Allocation

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