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日本は「格差社会」になったのか : 比較経済史にみる日本の所得格差

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  • 森口, 千晶
  • MORIGUCHI, Chiaki

Abstract

日本国内では格差の問題が社会的関心を集め、日本はもはや「一億総中流社会」ではなく「格差社会」であるという認識が浸透しつつある。本論分では、比較経済史の視座から日本における所得格差の長期的変遷を俯瞰し、日本は本当に「格差社会」になったのかを検証する。高度成長期に「格差なき成長」を遂げたわが国は1980年代には国際的にみても平等度の高い社会を実現した。この「日本型平等社会」の特質は再配分前の所得における世帯を単位とする平等にあり、企業による正社員への人的資本投資と雇用保障、男性正社員を世帯主とする標準世帯、夫婦による性別役割分業、および非稼得者への私的扶助を前提としていた。しかし、1980年代以降の急速な少子高齢化と世帯構造の多様化、さらに1990年以降の長期不況はこれらの前提を大きく揺るがし、既存の制度に包摂されない社会の構成員を増大させることになった。日本における格差社会の特徴は富裕層の富裕化を伴わない「低所得層の貧困化」にあり、世界の趨勢とは一線を画している。日本の直面する真の課題は貧困化と革新力の低迷であり、世帯よりも個人を、同質性よりも多様性を尊重する新たな制度を構築しなければならない。

Suggested Citation

  • 森口, 千晶 & MORIGUCHI, Chiaki, 2017. "日本は「格差社会」になったのか : 比較経済史にみる日本の所得格差," Discussion Paper Series 666, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
  • Handle: RePEc:hit:hituec:666
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    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • H50 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - General
    • N35 - Economic History - - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy - - - Asia including Middle East

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