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Life After Divorce: Effects of Joint Custody on Parents and Children

Author

Listed:
  • Canessa, Stella

    (LMU Munich)

  • Dahl, Gordon

    (UC San Diego)

  • Hasselqvist, Anna

    (DIW Berlin)

  • Meghir, Costas

    (Yale University)

  • Niknami, Susan

    (Swedish Institute for Social Research)

  • Palme, Mårten

    (Stockholm University)

  • Rainer, Helmut

    (LMU Munich)

  • Rosenqvist, Olof

    (IFAU Uppsala University)

  • Xiao, Pengpeng

    (Duke University)

Abstract

Divorce reshapes family life, yet little is known about one of its most consequential features: the allocation of child custody. We study the impact of joint versus sole custody on both parents and children using rich administrative data from Sweden linked to over 25 years of newly-collected court custody rulings. To address selection concerns, we exploit random assignment of custody disputes to judges who differ sharply in their propensity to grant joint custody. For fathers, joint custody substantially raises earnings and improves mental health, consistent with sustained paternal involvement enhancing labor market attachment and psychological well-being. In contrast, there are no measurable labor market or mental health effects for mothers. Turning to children, joint custody increases standardized test scores and school quality without affecting mental health outcomes. Joint custody increases fathers’ chances of remarriage, keeps separated parents in closer geographic proximity, and has no effect on intimate partner violence allegations against either partner. These findings inform longstanding debates over the role of child custody in shaping post-divorce family life.

Suggested Citation

  • Canessa, Stella & Dahl, Gordon & Hasselqvist, Anna & Meghir, Costas & Niknami, Susan & Palme, Mårten & Rainer, Helmut & Rosenqvist, Olof & Xiao, Pengpeng, 2026. "Life After Divorce: Effects of Joint Custody on Parents and Children," SOFI Working Papers in Labour Economics 11/2026, Stockholm University, Swedish Institute for Social Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:hhs:sofile:2026_011
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • J12 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth

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