Reality bites: Experimental evidence on the transition from school in a low-income setting

The transition from school to the labor market presents significant challenges. This is particularly the case in low- and middle-income countries where the youth population attending primary and secondary school is expanding rapidly and overoptimism combined with limited information can lead to suboptimal decision-making regarding further education and other career preparation choices. We design and test through a cluster-randomized controlled trial a scalable low-cost intervention designed to help secondary school students in Tanzania develop hopeful yet realistic career plans. This is done through a structured, edutainment podcast series and teacher-led classroom discussions. We show that treated students perform better academically, with a significant increase in national exam success and a higher likelihood of selection into further education. Additionally, self-employment rates and income levels increase. These outcomes are plausibly driven by enhanced hope—characterized by improved agency and pathway clarity—, by an increase in the likelihood of developing b-plans, and by a reduction in stress. Our findings highlight the potential of structured guidance through edutainment in improving the transition from secondary school.