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Climate Regulation and Civil Society Activism

Author

Listed:
  • Michela Limardi

    (Université de Lille)

  • Jordan Loper

    (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne)

  • Alexandre Volle

    (TREE - Transitions Energétiques et Environnementales - UPPA - Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

This paper investigates how public climate regulation shapes NGO activism against firms. Using monthly data on NGO campaigns across 78 countries (2010–2023), we find that the enact- ment of executive regulations significantly increases firm-targeted climate activism. Event-study estimates show no anticipatory trends and reveal a persistent, rising response. Consistent with our framework, the impact of regulation is larger in weaker enforcement environments and among nationally oriented NGOs with the capacity to act on domestic institutions. Public regulation thus mobilizes civil society as an informal enforcement layer, extending climate governance be- yond formal state action.

Suggested Citation

  • Michela Limardi & Jordan Loper & Alexandre Volle, 2025. "Climate Regulation and Civil Society Activism," Working papers of Transitions Energétiques et Environnementales (TREE) hal-05047276, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wptree:hal-05047276
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-05047276v4
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