For a social democracy and a competitive capitalism. Comments on Boyer's "manifesto" (2024)[Pour une social-démocratie et un capitalisme de concurrence. Commentaires sur le « manifeste » de Marcel Boyer (2024)]

Marcel Boyer's book "Manifeste pour une social-démocratie et un capitalisme de concurrence" (2024) should be of interest to economists as well as to philosophers, if, as citizens, they want to think out of the box. Of course, economists are involved, because the author shows them how much the scope of their theories is far greater than the problem of the organisations management they more often study; in a rich and stimulating manner, these theories might help renew a public debate which is at least rusty, when the reform of the "state as an owner" and the "welfare state" is at stake. Philosophers are also concerned, because reading Boyer's book would convince them that they ought to learn in contemporary economics of "incentives"; that field of economics has little to do with the somewhat outdated notion of "pure and perfect competition" and emphasizes how much the (too) famous metaphor of the "invisible hand" is reductive.