Business Models for Smart Data-Driven Safety and Security Management in Higher Education

This report presents three business models for smart, data-driven safety and security management at an institution for higher education. The business models focus on physical safety and the perceived sense of safety by the community members of the institution as an essential value to maintain an academic campus environment at a high level of quality. In the traditional definition, physical safety can be described as the protection of people and their environment against damage or injury, caused by accidents or causes of non-human origin such as fire or floods. In this report, we make use of this definition, only replacing non-human origins by human-origins as causes for damage or injury to people and their environment, such as assault. The institution, like many others, is part of an international ecosystem which faces developments with an increasingly negative impact on safety and the perceived sense of safety. Like other institutions, it also faces budget cuts. To counter the dilemma of addressing the negative trend while dealing with budget cuts, an effort is made in the context of a larger Smart Campus initiative at the institution level to improve (the perceived sense of) safety with a data-driven management approach. This data-driven approach is based on fusing operational and tactical safety and security data with real-time data acquired from sensors that describes the actual usage of buildings, lecture halls and meeting rooms. Three business models describe the value of this data-driven approach from the perspective of different stakeholder types: students, employees, and the institution as a whole (represented by its executive management board). The business models are specified following the servicedominant logic in the Business Model Radar (SDBM/R) technique that is part of the BASE/X business engineering approach. This report is part of a series of reports using servicedominant business engineering to create a Smart Campus environment for an institute in the higher education sector.