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Weapons of Mass Production. World War I and the Modernization of the French Economy

Author

Listed:
  • Anne Alonzo

    (SG-PAM - Saint-Gobain PAM - Saint-Gobain)

  • Victor Gay

    (IAST - Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, TSE-R - Toulouse School of Economics - UT Capitole - Université Toulouse Capitole - Comue de Toulouse - Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement)

  • Ronan Tallec

    (LIRAES (URP_ 4470) - Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Recherche Appliquée en Economie de la Santé - UPCité - Université Paris Cité)

Abstract

During World War I, annual government spending in France reached unprecedented levels, accounting for 50 percent of prewar GDP. A significant portion of this spending was allocated to support war industries at a time when the country's industrial cradle in the northeast was unavailable for production. Using original archival data on war procurement contracts, we examine whether these substantial but temporary wartime industrial investments fostered the modernization of the French economy in the interwar period. We find that départements that benefited from relatively greater wartime industrial investment experienced a sustained postwar expansion of their manufacturing sector. This expansion was driven by a reallocation of labor and firms toward manufacturing, as well as increased industrial concentration and capital deepening.

Suggested Citation

  • Anne Alonzo & Victor Gay & Ronan Tallec, 2025. "Weapons of Mass Production. World War I and the Modernization of the French Economy," Working Papers hal-05367165, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-05367165
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