Économie et l'usage d'internet Cas de Madagascar

Madagascar has seen significant growth in its Internet penetration rate, which rose from 4.3% to 19.7% of the population between 2013 and 2023. This digital transition, driven by mobile technology, contrasts with a fragile socio-economic situation marked by high poverty and volatile economic growth. This study aims to analyse the correlation between Internet access and indicators of economic growth (GDP per capita) and human development (HDI) in Madagascar.A quantitative approach based on the analysis of secondary data (World Bank, UNDP, DataReportal) is used for the period 2013-2023. Descriptive and correlative analyses are conducted. No positive correlation between Internet adoption and GDP growth is observed, but there is a significant impact on the HDI. The main obstacles identified are the prohibitive cost of equipment and data, low levels of education and glaring regional inequalities. Digital growth in Madagascar remains a closed dynamic, with no knock-on effect on the overall economy and human development. For the Internet to become a real driver of development, an integrated public policy specifically targeting affordability, digital education and rural infrastructure is imperative. The study highlights the risk of a digital divide that would exacerbate existing inequalities.