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Agricultural Productivity and Biodiversity Effects: Theory and Evidence
[Productivité agricole et effets sur la biodiversité : théorie et preuves]

Author

Listed:
  • Chloé Antoine

    (CREST - Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique - ENSAI - Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] - Groupe ENSAE-ENSAI - Groupe des Écoles Nationales d'Économie et Statistique - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - ENSAE Paris - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique - Groupe ENSAE-ENSAI - Groupe des Écoles Nationales d'Économie et Statistique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris)

  • Jean-Marc Bourgeon

    (X-DEP-ECO - Département d'Économie de l'École Polytechnique - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris, UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement)

  • José de Sousa

    (LEMMA - Laboratoire d'économie mathématique et de microéconomie appliquée - Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas)

Abstract

Agricultural specialization maximizes land use efficiency but it also amplifies pest pressure, thereby requiring heavy pesticide use. This paper evaluates the economic benefits of reducing specialization to leverage natural pest control. We develop a model in which the resilience of a farmer's field is endogenous to the crop and pesticide choices of neighboring farmers. We account for both within-crop and between-crop cross-field externalities. Using global data on 40 crops and 41,820 counties, we estimate the impact of these externalities on crop productivity with novel instrumental variables. Our results show that maintaining a high diversity of crop species at the county level significantly increases yields of major crops like maize, rice, and wheat.

Suggested Citation

  • Chloé Antoine & Jean-Marc Bourgeon & José de Sousa, 2025. "Agricultural Productivity and Biodiversity Effects: Theory and Evidence [Productivité agricole et effets sur la biodiversité : théorie et preuves]," Working Papers hal-05344177, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-05344177
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-05344177v1
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