Globalization without cosmopolitanism : three essays in international economics[La mondialisation sans le cosmopolitisme : trois essais d’économie internationale]

The first chapter looks at the role of trade and fiscal imbalances in trade policy decision-making. This chapter shows that bilateral trade deficits are robust predictors of tariff increases. The interactions between trade and budgetary balances are also explored and suggest that budgetary imbalances also contribute to the resurgence of trade tensions. The second chapter focuses on the consequences of financial globalization. Profit shifting can result in a downward distortion of productivity in companies and countries with high taxes. This hypothesis is tested on a database made up of all French companies and their foreign subsidiaries between 1997 and 2015. The opening of a subsidiary in a tax haven is associated with a systematic drop in productivity recorded in France. with a magnitude of 3%.The last chapter of the thesis asks the question of the implications of investment protection tools on the incentives of States to regulate. The misuse of these treaties can theoretically discourage States from regulating. This hypothesis is tested on the basis of the tobacco industry which has experienced significant regulatory change since 2005 and which has also been the scene of investor-State disputes. The initiation of dispute resolution is associated with a significant drop in the probability of adoption by other countries, which lends credence to the hypothesis of misuse of these legal tools