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Les causes du conflit ethnique : un état des lieux

Author

Listed:
  • Sophie Panel

    (IEPG - Sciences Po Grenoble-UGA - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes, CESICE - Centre d'études sur la sécurité internationale et les coopérations européennes - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - IEPG - Sciences Po Grenoble-UGA - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes)

Abstract

Les guerres civiles constituent aujourd'hui la forme la plus fréquente et la plus meurtrière de conflit armé. La majorité de ces conflits sont « ethniques » dans le sens où ils opposent des belligérants issus de groupes ethniques distincts. Cet article passe en revue la littérature sur les causes des conflits ethniques : il fournit un aperçu sur les mesures quantitatives communément employées, présente quelques faits centraux sur la distribution de ces conflits, puis discute six théories du conflit ethnique en les confrontant de façon systématique aux résultats de la recherche empirique. Il ressort de cette synthèse que les conflits ethniques sont rares en termes absolus (si on les rapporte au nombre de groupes ethniques qui cohabitent dans chaque État) mais fréquents en termes relatifs (si on les compare aux guerres civiles non ethniques), et qu'ils s'expliquent davantage par des facteurs d'ordre économique que par la persistance d'antagonismes historiques ou des divergences culturelles.

Suggested Citation

  • Sophie Panel, 2021. "Les causes du conflit ethnique : un état des lieux," Post-Print halshs-04836667, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-04836667
    DOI: 10.3917/lcdm.034.0089
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