What impacts of urban form on daily mobility? A simulation-based approach for a multi-dimensional comparison applied on Lyon area[Quels impacts de la forme urbaine sur les mobilités quotidiennes ? Une approche par la simulation pour une comparaison multidimensionnelle appliquée au territoire lyonnais]

The spatial organization of cities deeply changed all along the 20th century. An important literature already exists but the effects of urban form on daily mobility are still under debate. However, methods used to appreciate these impacts are not really efficient to separate the different factors: as well as through city comparisons or through diachronic analysis, even thanks to LUTI modelling, it is difficult to separate urban form impacts from economical or cultural contexts or general changes. In addition, the tools to assess urban planning and transport policies are often focused on one dimension of sustainable development, with restricted economic or environmental approaches. Last, the results are provided at an aggregated level, without differentiation between household types (depending on their location, level of income, etc.). The main purpose of this paper is to propose an approach based on simulation to allow comparisons between urban forms. The exercise is carried out on Lyon urban area thanks to the SIMBAD LUTI model to simulate different urban form trends (sprawled, polycentric and monocentric urban area). An evaluation of social, economic and environmental impacts is conducted at the urban area level and according to the residential location.