Hayek's liberal dialectics[La dialectique libérale de Hayek]

Although they lived a century apart, Hayek might be considered as the liberal counterpart of Marx: not only both carried out transdisciplinary studies but they also used a dialectic approach. According to Hayek, the evolution of human societies can't remain under control because the " spontaneous social order " is opposed to " organisations " , which rests upon a conflict between two kinds of rationality at the epistemological level (I). That opposition can only be overcome, in the legal order, through the fine tracking of " abstract rules of just conduct " (II). However Hayek's pessimistic view remains and results from the divergence, in the field of economics, between the rules necessary for the market order and a conception of justice in society which is too ambitious and can even destroy it (III). In conclusion, we ask the question of which safeguards are relevant nowadays to make liberal societies survive, as Hayek sought.