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Une innovation institutionnelle, la constitution des communs du logiciel libre

Author

Listed:
  • Pierre-André Mangolte

    (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - UP13 - Université Paris 13 - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

De nos jours, le logiciel libre est devenu une référence en matière de résistance face à la « tragédie des anti-communs ». Le partage et la libre réutilisation des codes sources sont en effet des principes opposés au contrôle exclusif des objets techniques par des propriétaires individuels. En inventant des licences qui détournent le copyright et les règles de la « propriété intellectuelle », les programmeurs du logiciel libre ont pu produire un stock de logiciels auquel chacun peut ajouter quelque chose mais duquel personne ne peut rien retirer. On peut à juste titre parler ici d'une vraie innovation institutionnelle et d'un commun authentique. L'article retrace l'histoire de la formation de ce logiciel libre en mettant en évidence les caractères originaux de ce commun entendu comme un ensemble de ressources, plus ou moins pérennes, dont l'accès et l'usage sont partagés dans un groupe plus ou moins étendu ; ici, formellement, ce groupe est l'humanité toute entière. Il traite de la base constitutionnelle du commun, les licences de free software (ou open source software) et des règles qu'elles contiennent, fondatrices d'une économie particulière. Il en trace les limites et en dresse une cartographie.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre-André Mangolte, 2013. "Une innovation institutionnelle, la constitution des communs du logiciel libre," Post-Print halshs-01076110, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01076110
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    commons; free software; intellectual property rights; Communs; programas libres; derechos de propiedad intelectual; copyright; logiciel libre; droits de propriété intellectuelle;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O3 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights
    • K11 - Law and Economics - - Basic Areas of Law - - - Property Law
    • L86 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software

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