The Spatial Pattern Of Travel Account Passenger A Tool For Understanding Interactions Between Urban Form And Daily Mobility

For analyzing the reciprocal interaction between urban sprawl and car use, research has first focus on the link between urban density and mobility. In researching reduction of energy consumption and so their greenhouse effects, cities have favored a compact planning of their form in choosing to rebuild themselves and to get denser (Jenks, Burton et Williams, 1996). However, several researchers have early emphasized limits of density concept and proposed to broaden reflection to urban form notion in all sense. For example, the "3D"of Cervero et Kockelman (1997): density, diversity and urban design. This controversy should leading to a renewal of analysis in term of urban growth costs (Downs, 1996) but, currently, discussions continue between urban sprawl and compact cities costs (Camagni et al, 2002 ; Iglesias, 2007). More broadly speaking, it would seem wise to do a link between urban form in all its dimensions and mobility costs. The problem is, particularly in France, that these kinds of analysis are very rare owing to a lack of available data (Gallez et Hivert, 1998; Nicolas et al, 2002). This paper suggests an innovative tool for measuring mobility costs at an intra-urban level: the Travel Account Passenger Spatialized. This is based on traditional travel account methodology that is an implementation of French SRU law (2000) with regard to metropolitan Area over one hundred thousand inhabitants (Deymier, 2009). The Travel Account Passenger Spatialized put forward a relatively accurate estimate of the whole passenger costs trip for all transport mode (public and individual) and for all type of payer (households, firms, local authority, etc.). This is the first time, to our knowledge, that a mobility costs estimate is realized with this degree of precision at intra-urban level. In order to set apart urban form and mobility costs (Pouyanne, 2005), these assessed costs are link with morphological characteristics areas (notably in terms of density and diversity) in taking into accoun