Socio-economic and Institutional Dimensions of Women’s Roles in Fishing Livelihoods in Chilika Lagoon, Odisha, India

Chilika Lagoon, the largest brackish-water lagoon in India, supports the livelihoods of thousands of fishing households. Although men are commonly involved in fishing, women play an essential role in post-harvest activities, including fish processing, drying, selling and household management. Recognising these contributions is important for promoting gender-inclusive development and sustainable resource management. This study examines the socio-economic and livelihood roles of women in fishing communities surrounding Chilika Lagoon, identifies the challenges they encounter and suggests measures to improve their participation and well-being. Primary data were collected through structured surveys with 300 women from three major fishing communities. Regression analysis and a Tornado diagram were used for data analysis. The findings indicate that women make a substantial contribution to household income through post-harvest activities, including drying, processing and marketing. They also participate in community conservation and collective efforts to address unsustainable fishing practices. However, limited access to socio-economic resources, environmental security, health support and institutional services has affected their livelihoods and constrained their empowerment. Women therefore play a crucial role in sustaining fishing livelihoods in Chilika Lagoon, although their contributions often remain under-recognised. Strengthening skill development, resource access and participation in decision-making is essential for improving livelihood resilience and supporting sustainable fisheries management in the region.