Big Data and Business Intelligence for Supply Chain Sustainability: Risk Mitigation and Green Optimization in the Digital Era

Big Data and Business Intelligence (BI) taken together have become a powerful instrument for promoting sustainability and risk reduction in modern supply chains. This study investigated how BI tools enhanced operational efficiency and decision-making while simultaneously supporting environmental and financial performance. Four numbers showed the degree and influence of BI use in practical supply chain. Key BI capabilities real-time monitoring (85%), predictive analytics (90%), demand forecasting (80%), and risk identification (75%), provided actionable insights to maximize operations. Companies who can see disruptions, flexible shift logistics, and match inventory with real demand will naturally be more sustainable and adaptable. Over the five resilience criteria, conventional and BI-enhanced systems underlining the combined benefited of BI in supporting green practices while improving profitability, CO₂ emissions fell by 30%, waste dropped by 40%, and running expenses dropped by 35%. The BI-enhanced model performed better than in lead time reduction, inventory turnover, disturbance reaction time, supplier risk score, and customer satisfaction verifying its capacity to establish responsive and strong supply chain. The difficulties to adoption yet with high degrees for trade-offs (70%), stakeholder resistance (75%), and technological limits (80%). Notwithstanding these challenges, most solution-oriented approaches (rated at 50%) pointed out coordinated efforts helping to eradicate several problems. Focusing data standardizing, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) compliance, and cooperative platforms, the study ended with strategic and policy recommendations for companies, legislators, and supply chain partners. The results validated that, with proper integration, Big Data and BI have a transforming capability to achieve supply chain sustainability, resilience, and long-term value in the digital age.