La logística de última milla a prueba de sostenibilidad

Urban logistics has become a strategic element for the efficient and sustainable functioning of large cities, although it often remains invisible to most citizens. This article analyses the main challenges and opportunities of urban goods distribution (UGD) in metropolitan contexts such as Madrid and Barcelona, where the growing demand for e-commerce has transformed logistics flows and urban dynamics. Using a qualitative and documentary research methodology, the fundamentals of e-commerce in Spain and its impact on infrastructure and urban mobility are examined. The difficulties faced by UGD—such as congestion, pollutant emissions and lack of coordination between actors—are also identified, as well as emerging trends that seek to mitigate these effects. Finally, a new logistics paradigm based on sustainability, digitalisation and public-private collaboration is proposed, aimed at more fluid urban distribution that is respectful of the urban environment.