Toward an Integrated Understanding of Resilience: From the Individual Level to the Organizational Level[Vers une compréhension intégrée de la résilience : du niveau individuel au niveau organisationnel]

The purpose of this article is to analyze the influence of individual resilience factors—such as personality traits, personal resources, and positive emotions—on organizational resilience mechanisms, particularly the capacity for anticipation, coping, and adaptation, and to examine how the two leadership styles under consideration facilitate this transition between the two levels of resilience. This study is a literature review that examines the role of individual resilience in strengthening organizational resilience, as well as how two leadership styles—participative leadership and transformational leadership—can play a key role in this relationship. To identify relevant articles, we relied on the methodological recommendations proposed by Denyer and Tranfield (2009) regarding best practices for conducting literature reviews. An exploratory search was conducted to identify appropriate keywords and databases, including Web of Science—due to its multidisciplinary nature, the quality of the indexed journals, and its perceived comprehensiveness—and Google Scholar for additional searches. The results highlight a strong link between individual and organizational resilience. We have formulated proposals for future empirical research aimed at further exploring these multilevel dynamics.