New Public Management in emerging countries: an analysis of public performance management reform programs - developments, challenges, and prospects[Le Nouveau Management Public dans les pays émergents : Analyse des programmes de réforme du pilotage de la performance publique -les évolutions, défis et perspectives]

Since the 1980s, global public administration has undergone profound structural reforms aimed at overcoming systemic challenges and enhancing international leadership. This global reform movement, known as New Public Management (NPM), reflects a strategic shift toward development models tailored to specific national needs. Driven by the necessity for greater efficiency and effectiveness, governments have demonstrated a clear commitment to transitioning toward innovative public management models by adopting tools traditionally rooted in the private sector. Concrete reform initiatives were applied in several countries, like the United Kingdom through the Next Steps Agencies program empowered executive agencies, Norway restructured its healthcare system to increase stakeholder accountability and service quality, and Singapore integrated digital transformation and digitalization as pillars of NPM-driven modernization. While these reforms led to the widespread adoption of performance management tools, they also exposed significant shortcomings and implementation challenges to delivery public services. In response to these limitations, public administrations have increasingly turned toward new management models that enable the use of a broader range of innovative tools and practices. This article adopts a literature review approach, aiming to analyze the evolution of public administration reform programs under NPM across different national contexts, identify key challenges, and highlight future perspectives for public performance management. This article provides a comprehensive literature review analyzing the evolution of public administration reform programs under the NPM framework across various national contexts. It identifies key challenges and outlines strategic perspectives for the management of public performance. Keywords: New public management (NMP), public sector, reforms programs, performance.