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Geographic mortality differentials and the quality-quantity trade-off

Author

Listed:
  • Sinara Gharibyan

    (IOS - Ost- und Südosteuropa verstehen)

  • David Gomtsyan

    (CREI - Centre de Recerca en Economia Internacional - UPF - Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona])

  • Èric Roca Fernández

    (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne)

Abstract

This paper explores the relationship between geographic mortality differentials and human capital investment patterns in the Malthusian setup of 19th-century Armenia. We examine how variations in altitude are associated with mortality rates, human capital accumulation, and fertility decisions. Using detailed historical census and parish records, we document that higher-altitude areas tend to have lower population density, lower respiratory disease mortality, and lower overall mortality. Our empirical analysis also shows that individuals in these environments tend to display better numeracy skills and lower fertility rates. These findings align with the Ben-Porath hypothesis, suggesting that longer life horizons encourage shifting from child quantity to quality. Furthermore, these patterns are not driven by income differences or increased female autonomy arising from pastoral agriculture

Suggested Citation

  • Sinara Gharibyan & David Gomtsyan & Èric Roca Fernández, 2026. "Geographic mortality differentials and the quality-quantity trade-off," Post-Print hal-05654079, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05654079
    DOI: 10.1007/s00148-026-01175-x
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://uca.hal.science/hal-05654079v1
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