From Bites to Ripple Effects: Unraveling the Health, Economic, and Social Effects of Arboviral Epidemics in Mainland France

Objectives: Arboviral diseases are posing an increasing burden in temperate regions. This article documents the potential effects of outbreaks and epidemics caused by an arbovirus transmitted by Aedes albopictus, across multiple domains, in mainland France, which has been minimally affected by such outbreaks so far. Methods: We draw on the knowledge accumulated in mainland French regions that have dealt with limited autochthonous outbreaks, and in the overseas departments and regions of France which are regularly affected by epidemics. We present an original method that combines a systematic review of the literature, the analysis of qualitative data from questionnaires completed by stakeholders, and our expert input. Results: We identify several key vulnerabilities such as healthcare strain, economic losses, and social disruption. Our analyses highlight specific risks and preparedness gaps for temperate areas. Conclusion: We underscore the critical importance of allocating sufficient resources to vector management and of developing intersectoral policies to mitigate the effects of future epidemics across several domains.