Driving India’s Green Future: Challenges in Electric Vehicle Adoption

Transportation plays a vital role in the economic development, trade and connectivity. The traditional transport system which is based on petrol and diesel vehicles contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and urban air pollution. This transition towards sustainable transportation has become a major policy priority in India due to the rising environmental concerns, increasing fuel consumption and the need to reduce carbon emissions. Electric Vehicles (EVs) are considered as a key solution for promoting clean and energy efficient mobility. To accelerate the adoption of EVs, the Government of India has introduced many schemes among them the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (FAME) India Scheme under the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan plays a key role. This study analyzes the current status and growth trends of electric vehicles adoption, role of government policies and initiatives in promoting electric mobility in India, and to identify the major infrastructural challenges, economic and technological barriers. This study is completely based on secondary data and focuses on EV adoption trends, development of charging infrastructure and growth of domestic EV manufacturing. The findings reveal that the FAME II scheme significantly contributed to the rapid growth of EV adoption particularly in the two wheeler and three wheeler segments while also supporting the expansion of charging infrastructure across major cities and highways. However, challenges such as high initial costs, infrastructure gaps remains. This study concludes that continued policy support and integrated ecosystem development are essential for accelerating mobility in India.