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Towards self-powered smart contact lenses: integration of autonomous power sources, microfabricated antennas, and multidisciplinary design constraints

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  • Patrice Salzenstein

    (FEMTO-ST - Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) - UTBM - Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard - ENSMM - Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UFC - Université de Franche-Comté - UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE])

  • Blandine Edouard Guichardaz

    (FEMTO-ST - Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) - UTBM - Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard - ENSMM - Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UFC - Université de Franche-Comté - UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE])

  • Aya Maroua Bessou

    (FEMTO-ST - Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) - UTBM - Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard - ENSMM - Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UFC - Université de Franche-Comté - UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE])

  • Ekaterina Pavlyuchenko

    (CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Maxim Pogurmirskiy

    (FAREXPORT - FAREXPORT, Ltd.)

Abstract

We present a multidisciplinary approach to self-powered smart contact lenses integrating autonomous energy sources, microfabricated antennas, and advanced materials. Power is harvested via tear-based biofuel cells, blink-activated nanogenerators, and kinetic motion, enabling continuous operation without external power. A 9.5 mm double-loop antenna operates in the low microwave band, supporting robust wireless communication. Design integrates ASICs, sensors, and hybrid energy systems into a biocompatible, transparent lens. Key challenges addressed include thin-film coatings, SAR compliance, signal integrity, and uncertainty quantification. This work lays the foundation for smart lenses enabling real-time biosensing, health monitoring, and augmented vision in fully autonomous wearable devices

Suggested Citation

  • Patrice Salzenstein & Blandine Edouard Guichardaz & Aya Maroua Bessou & Ekaterina Pavlyuchenko & Maxim Pogurmirskiy, 2025. "Towards self-powered smart contact lenses: integration of autonomous power sources, microfabricated antennas, and multidisciplinary design constraints," Post-Print hal-05532368, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05532368
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-05532368v1
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