Becoming the Workplace Change (BeWorC): a model for intervention built on hybridisation of the change Laboratory and activity-centered ergonomics

This research explores the interaction among transformational leadership, human-technology interaction (HTI) and sustainable practice, specifically examining the integration of safeguard systems, the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber-physical systems (CPS) to improve leadership and sustainability. Using survey data from 200 respondents in Indonesia's upstream oil and gas industry, this study applies SEM and Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (FsQCA) to analyse the correlation between HTI and sustainable practices. The findings of this study indicate that the integration of safeguard systems, while having a minimal effect on human-technology interaction (HTI), enhances security and aligns with the evolving technological landscape shaped by CPS and the IoT. However, its influence on sustainable practices is contingent upon transformational leadership, which serves as a critical driver in guiding organisations towards the adoption of innovative solutions while ensuring the achievement of long-term sustainability objectives. Furthermore, the results support the theoretical rationale for incorporating these factors and underscore the analytical robustness of FsQCA. This methodological approach consistently identifies the convergence of key variables as fundamental enablers of sustainable outcomes within the Indonesian oil and gas sector, emphasising the necessity of understanding these complex interrelationships.