L’expérimentation «Territoire zéro chômeur de longue durée. Un projet entre dispositif d’insertion et projet de territoire

The persistence of mass unemployment led to the implementation of liberal-inspired employment policies focused on two objectives: reducing labor costs by lowering social security contributions; reducing replacement income to encourage the unemployed to return to work more quickly. These public policies were supplemented by a "social" component aimed at facing exclusion, based on the recognition of initiatives in the fields of social work, training, and local development, which were enshrined in the Labor Code in 1998 under the heading "integration through economic activity." It was in this context that the "Zero Long-Term Unemployment Territory" (TZCLD) project was launched in 2016. This chapter reviews the history and pillars of the project's philosophy, then presents its implementation within the framework of experimental laws, specifying the limitations that may have been highlighted between the ideal project and its implementation under the first law, and providing the results of the implementation of the second law (2020). Finally, it questions the innovations that these experiments could bring to renew localized responses to social issues.