Littératie financière et accès aux services financiers au Maroc : une analyse en composantes principales des déterminants de l’inclusion financière

The article examines the relationship between financial literacy and access to financial services in Morocco, within a context marked by the rapid digitalization of banking services and the progressive implementation of the National Financial Inclusion Strategy (SNIF). Grounded in a positivist paradigm and a quantitative, hypothesis-driven approach, the study draws on a questionnaire survey administered to a sample of Moroccan individuals. The collected data was processed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using SPSS, enabling the identification of latent dimensions that structure access and usage behaviors related to formal financial services. The PCA results reveal two main components. The first corresponds to an "effective inclusion" dimension, accounting for 21.18% of the total variance, and relates to the ownership and regular use of financial services such as bank accounts, electronic payment tools, credit products, and insurance. This dimension reflects the transition from simple bank account ownership to an active and sustained engagement with financial services. The second component, explaining 10.81% of the variance, captures factors associated with financial literacy and institutional trust, influenced by exposure to financial education programs, perceived levels of information, and residential characteristics (urban vs. rural). This axis highlights the importance of cognitive competencies and perceived institutional reliability in shaping individuals' financial decisions. The findings demonstrate that financial literacy is a key determinant of individuals' understanding, appropriation, and informed use of financial services, thereby fostering economic empowerment and integration into the formal financial system. The study further underscores the need to strengthen public policies focused on financial education, institutional transparency, and inclusive digitalization of financial services. Finally, the conclusions suggest that improving both financial literacy and institutional trust is essential to reducing access inequalities and supporting sustainable financial inclusion in Morocco.