Bridging Design Science research and formal design theories: leveraging C-K theory for impactful research

This paper proposes a novel integration of formal design theories-specifically C-K theory-into design science research (DSR) to better address complex and ill-defined problems. Traditional DSR methods often assume well-framed problem spaces, limiting their generative potential in tackling grand societal challenges. By embedding C-K theory into DSR, we outline a methodology that enhances generativity through iterative co-expansion of concept and knowledge spaces. An empirical case in the healthcare sector illustrates this approach, showing how C-K theory fostered the discovery of anomalies, expanded the knowledge base, and led to new artefacts and business model innovations. Our findings demonstrate the relevance of formal design theories in supporting both knowledge exploration and generative artefact development. We conclude that such integration enables more generative, reflexive, and impactful research processes.