Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) as a lever for infrastructure development: Literature review[Les Partenariats Publics - Privés (PPP) comme levier de développement des infrastructures : Revue de littérature]

In a context characterized by the scarcity of public resources and the need to modernize infrastructure, PublicPrivate Partnerships have emerged as a strategic alternative that reconciles economic efficiency with the public interest. This study presents a theoretical and empirical literature review on PPPs in the infrastructure sector, drawing on key conceptual foundations as well as a set of case analyses at both international and Moroccan levels. It highlights, on the one hand, the contributions of PPPs in terms of financing, management, and infrastructure project performance, and on the other hand, the challenges related to contractual governance, risk allocation, and access inequalities. Through diverse examples, the study emphasizes that the success of PPPs largely depends on the quality of the institutional, legal, and organizational framework in which they are implemented. It thus offers a critical and structured perspective on the role PPPs can play in the sustainable development of infrastructure, with a particular focus on Morocco's experience.