Evaluating the Role of ERP, Cloud, and Blockchain Systems in Improving Financial Efficiency of NGOs in Kenya

This study explored the impact of technological financial systems including ERP, cloud accounting, and blockchain on the financial efficiency of humanitarian organizations in Kenya. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Resource-Based View (RBV), and Institutional Theory, it examined how these digital tools influence budgeting, reporting, and internal control within the nonprofit sector. A mixed-methods cross-sectional design was adopted, combining surveys and interviews with 120 participants from finance, IT, procurement, and operations departments. Data was analyzed using SPSS, with results presented through tables and graphical summaries. The findings revealed mixed perceptions of these technologies: while adoption significantly enhanced the accuracy, timeliness, and transparency of financial reporting, challenges emerged around system integration, inconsistent user acceptance, security concerns, and high implementation costs. Not all departments experienced equal benefits, and cost-effectiveness remained a concern. The study concluded that the effectiveness of digital financial systems depends on organizational culture, institutional support, and user competence. Recommendations included tailored implementation, enhanced staff training, better system integration, and user-centered design of financial tools. The research was limited to Kenyan NGOs, which may affect the generalizability of the findings to other contexts. Nonetheless, the results highlight the potential of technology to foster transparency and accountability in humanitarian financial management, with future studies encouraged to assess long-term impacts and effectiveness in areas such as procurement and project monitoring.