LEAN et outils d'immersion à l'heure de l'Industrie 5.0: Une coexistence encore à justifier

Industry 5.0 (I5.0), promoted by the European Commission, represents an evolution of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) by emphasizing technology integration with humans. However, most scientific studies to date focus primarily on technical aspects, neglecting human and social impacts. LEAN, which values continuous improvement and respect for employees, could play a key role in adopting immersive technologies such as Digital Twins (DT) and Virtual Reality (VR). In France, the JENII program aims to develop immersive learning environments to train future professionals, particularly in LEAN principles. However, the literature review presented here reveals that the real impact of these technologies on operators remains poorly documented, and their compatibility with LEAN fundamentals remains uncertain. This research, therefore, highlights a lack of empirical data and calls for more experiments in real-world environments, particularly through learning factories. Future studies could fill significant gaps by exploring the physical, psychological, and cognitive impacts of immersive technologies on operators. These advancements offer opportunities to enrich educational approaches and support the deployment of I5.0 technologies in companies in line with LEAN principles.