The theoretical foundations of cooperative entrepreneurship: from historical roots to conceptual dimensions[La construction théorique de l'entrepreneuriat coopératif : des racines historiques aux dimensions conceptuelles]

This article explores the theoretical framework of cooperative entrepreneurship by identifying its key conceptual dimensions. Through a narrative literature review, it traces the historical roots of the cooperative movement, highlighting the ideas of pioneers such as Saint-Simon and Fourier, along with the early implementations of consumer, credit, and production cooperatives. The paper emphasizes the fundamental values of cooperatives, including equality, solidarity, and democracy, which distinguish them from traditional capitalist enterprises. These core values underpin the unique structure and purpose of cooperatives, focusing on collective well-being rather than individual profit maximization. The article also analyzes various theoretical approaches to cooperative entrepreneurship, acknowledging the significant contributions of different scholars. It situates cooperative entrepreneurship within the broader framework of social entrepreneurship, stressing its capacity to meet collective needs while enhancing individual autonomy. Cooperative entrepreneurship is presented as a viable and resilient alternative to conventional capitalist models, offering innovative solutions to social and economic challenges. In conclusion, the study explores the main dimensions of cooperative entrepreneurship, focusing on the creation of both economic and social value, participatory governance, and cooperative identity. These dimensions highlight the distinct nature of cooperative enterprises, which not only generate financial sustainability but also promote social inclusion and community development through democratic decision-making and shared ownership. The cooperative identity, rooted in cooperative principles, is central to maintaining a clear sense of purpose and aligning with ethical and social values. Overall, the article provides a comprehensive examination of cooperative entrepreneurship, demonstrating its potential to address contemporary economic and social issues through a sustainable and inclusive approach